Have you ever noticed your dog shaking their head excessively, scratching at their ears, or emitting a funky smell from their head? If so, your pup may be suffering from an ear infection—a surprisingly common health issue in dogs. In fact, according to veterinarians, ear infections are among the top reasons dog owners seek veterinary care.
These infections can be painful, irritating, and even lead to more serious complications if left untreated. While dogs of all breeds and ages can be affected, certain lifestyle habits and physical characteristics can make some pups more vulnerable than others. Understanding the root causes of ear infections can help you take preventative measures and ensure your dog stays comfortable and healthy.
Let’s dive into the four most common causes of ear infections in dogs—and what you can do to help prevent them.
1. Moisture Buildup
Moisture is one of the leading culprits when it comes to canine ear infections. Dogs have L-shaped ear canals that can easily trap water, creating the perfect warm, dark, and damp environment for bacteria, yeast, or fungi to flourish.
When does this happen?
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After swimming
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Following a bath
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During humid weather or rainy seasons
Breeds with floppy ears like Golden Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, and Basset Hounds are especially susceptible. Their ear flaps reduce airflow, allowing moisture to linger longer inside the ear canal.
Prevention tips:
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Dry your dog’s ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing.
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Use a vet-approved ear-drying solution if your dog is a frequent swimmer.
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Gently clean your dog’s ears with a cotton pad or gauze—never insert cotton swabs deep into the ear canal.
2. Foreign Bodies and Parasites
Another common cause of ear infections is the presence of foreign objects or unwelcome guests inside the ear canal. This is particularly common in dogs who love the outdoors, especially in tall grass or wooded areas.
Common offenders include:
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Grass seeds (foxtails)
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Plant debris
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Sand or dirt
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Ear mites (more common in puppies and outdoor dogs)
Even something as small as a seed can cause significant irritation, leading your dog to scratch, which then damages the delicate skin inside the ear and paves the way for infection.
Signs your dog may have a foreign object or mites:
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Sudden head shaking or tilting
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Persistent scratching at one ear
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Dark, crumbly ear discharge (often associated with mites)
Prevention tips:
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Inspect your dog’s ears after hikes or outdoor play.
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Keep hair trimmed around the ears to minimize debris getting caught.
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Use flea and tick preventatives that also protect against mites.
3. Allergies
Allergies are a silent but significant contributor to chronic ear infections in dogs. When a dog has an allergic reaction—whether to food, pollen, mold, or dust mites—it can trigger inflammation throughout the body, including the ears. This inflammation disrupts the ear’s natural barrier and creates an environment where bacteria and yeast can take hold.
Types of allergies that may affect dogs:
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Food allergies – common culprits include beef, chicken, dairy, and grains.
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Environmental allergies – such as pollen, grass, or household dust.
Dogs with allergies often experience recurring infections that may seem to improve with treatment but return shortly after.
Symptoms of allergy-related ear infections:
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Chronic or recurrent ear infections
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Itchy skin or hot spots
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Licking paws or rubbing face
Prevention and management:
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Talk to your vet about food trials or allergy testing.
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Maintain a clean, low-allergen environment.
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Address infections promptly to prevent flare-ups.
4. Breed Predisposition
Some dogs are simply more prone to ear infections due to their breed-specific traits. Ear shape, hair growth in the ear canal, and even natural oil production can all influence how likely a dog is to develop ear issues.
Breeds most at risk include:
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Labrador Retrievers – love water and have heavy ear flaps
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Cocker Spaniels – have narrow ear canals and long, hairy ears
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Beagles – their floppy ears trap moisture and debris
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Poodles and Shih Tzus – tend to have hair growing deep inside the ear canal
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Miniature Schnauzers – produce more ear wax than average
Knowing your dog’s risk factors can help you take a more proactive approach to ear care.
Tips for at-risk breeds:
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Schedule regular ear cleanings, especially after exposure to water.
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Ask your groomer or vet to trim excess ear hair if necessary.
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Monitor for early signs of infection and consult your vet at the first sign of trouble.
When to See the Vet
If your dog shows any signs of an ear infection—such as redness, odor, discharge, swelling, or sensitivity to touch—make an appointment with your veterinarian. It’s important to determine whether the infection is caused by bacteria, yeast, or mites, as treatments vary.
A vet may perform:
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An otoscopic exam
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Ear swab for microscopic evaluation
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Culture to identify bacteria or fungi
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Allergy testing if recurrent infections are suspected
Treatment might include prescription ear drops, oral medications, or ear flushes. For chronic or severe infections, a long-term management plan may be necessary.
Final Thoughts
Ear infections may be common, but they don’t have to be a recurring nightmare for your dog. With regular care, prompt attention to symptoms, and a clear understanding of what causes infections, you can keep your dog’s ears healthy and infection-free.
Being a proactive pet parent means more than just treating problems—it’s about preventing them before they start. By staying vigilant and informed, you’ll help your furry friend enjoy a happier, more comfortable life with ears that are as healthy as the rest of them.
Toledo, United States.